Search Skills | TryHackMe Walkthrough

The article below provides a comprehensive guide on enhancing information retrieval techniques, particularly within the context of information technology, cybersecurity and penetration testing. It emphasizes the importance of effective search strategies and introduces various tools and methodologies to optimize information gathering. This post also provides the answers for Search Skills TryHackMe Room.

SSH Protocol: The Ultimate Guide

CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Study Notes

Evolution of Seaching and Search Engines

On the Internet, anyone can share their thoughts, whether through blog posts, articles, social media, or even subtle contributions like editing public wiki pages. This accessibility allows individuals to express opinions—sometimes unfounded—on topics like cybersecurity practices, programming trends, or DevSecOps interview preparation.

As readers, it is our responsibility to critically assess such information. Here are key factors to consider during evaluation:

1. Source
   • Identify the author or organization behind the content.
   • Assess whether they are reputable and credible in the subject area.
   • Remember: publishing a blog post alone does not establish authority.
2. Evidence and Reasoning
   • Look for claims supported by credible evidence and sound logic.
   • Prioritize information grounded in hard facts and robust arguments.
3. Objectivity and Bias
   • Determine if the content is presented impartially, acknowledging multiple perspectives.
   • Avoid sources that push questionable agendas, such as product promotion or attacks on competitors.
4. Corroboration and Consistency
   • Cross-check the information with multiple independent and reliable sources.
   • Ensure that other trustworthy sources align on the core claims.

By applying these criteria, readers can discern reliable information from opinionated or misleading content, empowering better-informed decisions.

Most of us have used an Internet search engine, but not everyone has explored the full potential of advanced search features. Many search engines, such as Google, Bing, and DuckDuckGo, offer operators to refine and enhance your search queries. Below are some examples of advanced search operators, focusing on Google:

Common Advanced Search Operators

1. Exact Phrase Search ("exact phrase")
   • Use double quotes to find pages containing an exact word or phrase.
   • Example:
     • Search for "passive reconnaissance" to get results containing only that exact phrase.
2. Site-Specific Search (site:)
   • Limit your search to a specific domain or website.
   • Example:
     • Search for success stories on TryHackMe: site:tryhackme.com success stories.
3. Exclude Results (-)
   • Use the minus sign to omit results containing certain words or phrases.
   • Example:
     • Learn about pyramids while excluding tourism-related sites:
       pyramids -tourism or -tourism pyramids.
4. File Type Search (filetype:)
   • Find specific file formats instead of web pages.
   • Common file types:
     • PDF (filetype:pdf), Word Document (filetype:doc), Excel Spreadsheet (filetype:xls), PowerPoint Presentation (filetype:ppt).
   • Example:
     • Search for cybersecurity presentations: filetype:ppt cyber security.

Additional Resources

To explore more advanced search options, refer to lists of supported operators for your favorite search engine. Each search engine may have unique controls, so check their documentation for further refinements.

Pro Tip: Practice and Experiment

Mastering search operators can save time and improve the relevance of your search results. Experiment with different combinations to see which operators best suit your needs!

Specialized Search Engines

Shodan

Shodan is a search engine for Internet-connected devices, enabling users to find specific types of servers, networking equipment, industrial control systems, and IoT devices. For example, to identify servers running Apache 2.4.1 and their distribution across countries, you could search for apache 2.4.1. This query retrieves servers that include this string in their headers.

• Examples:
  Explore more queries in Shodan Search Query Examples.
• Shodan Trends:
  Analyze historical data trends with a subscription to understand shifts in Internet-connected device usage.

Censys

Censys is similar to Shodan but with a distinct focus on Internet-connected hosts, domains, certificates, and other assets. Its primary use cases include:

• Enumerating domains currently in use.
• Auditing open ports and active services.
• Identifying rogue or unauthorized assets within a network.

While Shodan emphasizes devices (e.g., routers, webcams, IoT), Censys excels in deeper asset and certificate analysis.

• Check out Censys Search Use Cases for practical examples.

VirusTotal

VirusTotal provides a multi-engine virus-scanning service for files and URLs. Users can:

• Upload files or submit URLs for scanning.
• Input file hashes to view results from previously analyzed files.

Results display checks against numerous antivirus engines (e.g., 67 in some cases). Additionally, community comments provide valuable context, especially when a file is flagged as malicious, which might sometimes be a false positive.

Have I Been Pwned

Have I Been Pwned (HIBP) does one thing; it tells you if an email address has appeared in a leaked data breach. Finding one’s email within leaked data indicates leaked private information and, more importantly, passwords. Many users use the same password across multiple platforms, if one platform is breached, their password on other platforms is also exposed. Indeed, passwords are usually stored in encrypted format; however, many passwords are not that complex and can be recovered using a variety of attacks.

Searching for Vulnerabilities and Exploits

CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures)

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) program serves as a standardized dictionary of publicly known vulnerabilities in software and hardware. Each vulnerability is assigned a CVE ID with a specific format, such as CVE-2024-29988, ensuring universal reference and consistency among security researchers, vendors, and IT professionals.

Key Features:

1. CVE ID Format:
   • The format is CVE-[Year]-[Number].
   • Example: CVE-2024-29988 identifies a specific vulnerability reported in 2024.
2. Standardization:
   • A CVE ID ensures that discussions and reports about a vulnerability are consistent across all platforms and stakeholders.

Management:

• MITRE Corporation maintains and oversees the CVE system, ensuring its accuracy and reliability.
• Vulnerabilities are often cross-referenced with the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) for additional details like severity scores, impact metrics, and remediation guidance.

Resources:

• CVE Program Website: https://cve.mitre.org
  • Search for CVEs, learn about the CVE lifecycle, and access the latest updates.
• National Vulnerability Database (NVD): https://nv
• d.nist.gov
  • Provides enriched data on CVEs, including severity scoring using CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System).

Example: CVE-2014-0160 (Heartbleed)

One of the most famous CVEs, CVE-2014-0160, also known as Heartbleed, revealed a critical flaw in OpenSSL. This vulnerability allowed attackers to read sensitive information directly from the memory of affected servers, emphasizing the importance of tracking and mitigating vulnerabilities through CVE references.

By using resources like the CVE and NVD websites, security professionals can stay informed about vulnerabilities and take appropriate action to secure their systems.

Exploit Database

The Exploit Database (Exploit-DB) is a comprehensive archive of publicly available exploit code, used primarily for security assessment purposes, such as penetration testing or red team exercises. It is a valuable resource for finding working exploit codes for known vulnerabilities.

Key Features:

1. Exploit Collection:
   • The database contains exploit codes contributed by various authors.
   • Some exploits are tested and marked as verified, indicating they are functional and reliable for use.
2. Use Case:
   • The primary use of exploit code is to assess a system’s security after obtaining explicit permission, typically via a legally binding agreement.
   • Unauthorized exploitation of a system is illegal and unethical.
3. Search Functionality:
   • Users can search for exploits by CVE ID, application name, or vulnerability description.
   • Example: Searching for CVE-2014-0160 (Heartbleed) will list related exploit scripts in the database.

Guidelines for Usage:

• Permission Required:
  Only use exploits on systems where explicit authorization has been granted.
• Verification:
  Prefer verified exploits to minimize risks of unexpected behaviors or incomplete results.
• Testing Environment:
  Use a controlled lab environment when testing exploits to ensure no unintended damage occurs.

Resources:

• Access the database at https://www.exploit-db.com.
• Regularly updated, it is a go-to repository for security professionals.

By leveraging Exploit-DB responsibly, security teams can simulate real-world attack scenarios, identify vulnerabilities, and enhance their defenses effectively.

Searching for IT-Related Information and Technical Documentation

Linux Manual Pages

Before the widespread availability of the Internet, users of Linux and Unix-like systems relied on manual pages (man pages) for command usage and documentation. Each command, system call, library function, and configuration file is typically accompanied by a corresponding man page.

How to Access Man Pages

1. Using the man Command:
   To view the manual page for a command, use the man command followed by the name of the command. For example:

man ip

1. This command displays the man page for ip, which provides details about its usage, options, and examples.
   • Navigation: Use the arrow keys to scroll through the page. Press q to quit.
2. Search Engine Alternative:
   If you prefer to read man pages in your web browser:
   • Type man <command> (e.g., man ip) into your search engine.
   • This often brings up the relevant manual page or equivalent documentation in the search results.

Structure of a Man Page

Man pages are organized into sections, each serving a different purpose. For example:

• Name: Brief description of the command.
• Synopsis: Shows the command’s syntax and arguments.
• Description: Detailed explanation of functionality.
• Options: Lists available flags and parameters.
• Examples: Demonstrates usage (if provided).
• See Also: References related commands or files.

Practical Tip

When exploring a new command or troubleshooting, man pages are an essential first resource. They provide authoritative and comprehensive guidance, often without needing an Internet connection.

By mastering the use of man pages, Linux and Unix users can efficiently discover and utilize commands and features on their systems.

Microsoft Windows Technical Documentation

Microsoft offers an official Technical Documentation page to support its products and commands. This resource is particularly helpful for users seeking detailed, authoritative information about Windows commands, tools, and system features.

Example: Searching for ipconfig

The ipconfig command is used to display and manage the network configuration of a Windows system. To find documentation for this command:

1. Visit the Microsoft Technical Documentation page:
   • Navigate to https://learn.microsoft.com.
2. Search for ipconfig:
   • Use the search bar to look for ipconfig.
   • The results will provide official documentation on the command, including:
     • Description of its purpose.
     • Syntax and arguments.
     • Examples of usage.
     • Related commands and troubleshooting tips.
3. Direct Access via Search Engine:
   • Alternatively, you can type ipconfig site:learn.microsoft.com in your favorite search engine to directly access the relevant page.

Key Features of the Documentation

• Comprehensive Details:
  • Includes command-line options, flags, and examples for both basic and advanced usage.
• Up-to-Date Information:
  • Reflects the latest changes and updates in Microsoft products.
• Cross-References:
  • Links to related tools, commands, and troubleshooting resources.

By utilizing Microsoft’s Technical Documentation, users can confidently explore and utilize Windows commands like ipconfig to optimize system management and troubleshooting.

Product Documentation

Every widely used product is expected to have comprehensive and well-structured official documentation. This documentation serves as a trusted and up-to-date source of information about the product’s features, functions, and best practices.

Examples of Official Documentation

1. Snort Official Documentation:
   • Provides details on configuration, rule creation, and deployment of the Snort intrusion detection system.
2. Apache HTTP Server Documentation:
   • Covers installation, configuration, module usage, and troubleshooting of the Apache web server.
3. PHP Documentation:
   • Offers information on PHP syntax, functions, classes, and coding standards, with examples for developers.
4. Node.js Documentation:
   • Explains core modules, APIs, and guidance for building server-side applications with Node.js.

Benefits of Using Official Documentation

1. Accuracy and Authority:
   • Official documentation is the most reliable source, authored and maintained by the product’s developers or official teams.
2. Up-to-Date Information:
   • Regularly updated to reflect the latest product features, patches, and enhancements.
3. Comprehensive Coverage:
   • Includes everything from basic usage to advanced features, with detailed explanations and examples.
4. Cross-Referencing:
   • Links to related topics, FAQs, and troubleshooting sections for seamless learning and problem-solving.

Recommendation

Always consult the official documentation as a primary resource when learning or troubleshooting. It is designed to provide the most accurate and complete information, ensuring effective and efficient use of the product.

Exploring Social Media and Staying Informed in Cybersecurity and Information Technology

Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn boast billions of registered users. They are valuable tools for connecting with people and companies of interest and for gathering information, particularly in the field of cybersecurity.

Exploring Social Media Platforms

1. Familiarize Yourself:
   • If you’re unfamiliar with a platform, explore it to understand its functionality and potential benefits.
2. Using Temporary Accounts:
   • Create accounts with temporary email addresses to explore platforms without linking them to your primary email.
   • This prevents unnecessary connections with your real contacts and makes it easier to terminate the account after exploration.
3. Why Use Temporary Accounts?
   • Avoid being discovered or connected with prematurely.
   • Maintain privacy while evaluating the platform.

The Role of Social Media in Cybersecurity

1. Protecting Against Oversharing:
   • As a cybersecurity professional, ensure employees or clients do not overshare sensitive personal information.
   • Example: Information like childhood schools or pet names can reveal answers to security questions, making it easier for adversaries to reset passwords.
2. Staying Updated:
   • Follow cybersecurity-focused channels, groups, and experts to stay informed about the latest trends, technologies, and threats.
   • Examples: Twitter accounts of cybersecurity researchers, LinkedIn groups, and company pages of vendors.

Beyond Social Media: News Outlets

1. Diverse Sources:
   • Explore cybersecurity news websites to get updates on breaches, trends, and new technologies.
   • Examples: Krebs on Security, BleepingComputer, and The Hacker News.
2. Personalized Choices:
   • Experiment with various sources and stick with the ones that provide the most value and resonate with your interests.

Final Thoughts

Leveraging social media and news outlets effectively can enhance your understanding of cybersecurity and keep you ahead in the field. Use these platforms wisely—both for professional growth and for ensuring the safety and security of those you protect.

Search Skills TryHackMe | Room Answers

What do you call a cryptographic method or product considered bogus or fraudulent?
Snake oil

What is the name of the command replacing netstat in Linux systems?
ss

How would you limit your Google search to PDF files containing the terms cyber warfare report?
filetype:pdf cyber warfare report

What phrase does the Linux command ss stand for?
socket statistics

What is the top country with lighttpd servers?

United States

What does BitDefenderFalx detect the file with the hash 2de70ca737c1f4602517c555ddd54165432cf231ffc0e21fb2e23b9dd14e7fb4 as?
Android.Riskware.Agent.LHH

What utility does CVE-2024-3094 refer to?
xz

What does the Linux command cat stand for?
concatenate

What is the netstat parameter in MS Windows that displays the executable associated with each active connection and listening port?
-b

You are hired to evaluate the security of a particular company. What is a popular social media website you would use to learn about the technical background of one of their employees?
LinkedIn

Continuing with the previous scenario, you are trying to find the answer to the secret question, “Which school did you go to as a child?”. What social media website would you consider checking to find the answer to such secret questions?
Facebook

Check out also